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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001: Titles I-X

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), a legacy of Lyndon Johnson's “War on Poverty,” is a comprehensive federal law that provides significant funds for kindergarten through twelfth grade education. ESEA has been reauthorized every five years since its enactment, most recently as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Despite various administrations and many changes over the past four decades, the law’s initial mandate, to provide resources to help ensure that disadvantaged students have access to a quality public education, has remained intact. The statute’s ten titles are the foundation of public education in America. The first five titles are of particular relevance to EdTech Online.

TITLE I: Improving the Academic Achievement of the Disadvantaged

What is Title I?

Title I is intended to help ensure that all students have the opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach proficiency on challenging state academic standards and assessments. Title I provisions provide a mechanism for holding states, school districts and schools accountable for improving the academic achievement of all students and turning around low-performing schools, while providing alternatives to students in such schools in order to enable those students to receive a high-quality education.

What will Title I Fund?

Title I funds may be used for a variety of services and activities, most commonly for instruction in reading and mathematics. Title I provides funding that may be used to provide additional (supplemental to state and locally-funded programs and services) instructional staff, professional development, extended-time programs and other strategies for raising student achievement in high-poverty schools.

Overview of Title 1: Improving the Academic Achievement Of The Disadvantaged

Part A - Improving Basic Programs Operated by Local Educational Agencies

Each state plan shall demonstrate that the state has adopted challenging academic content standards and challenging student academic achievement standards that will be adhered to by the state, its local educational agencies, and its schools to carry out this part, except that a state shall not be required to submit such standards to the secretary.

Part B - Student Reading Skills Improvement Grants

The purpose of this part is to provide assistance to state educational agencies and local educational agencies in establishing reading programs for students in kindergarten through grade 3 that are based on scientifically based reading research, to ensure that every student can read at grade level or above not later than the end of grade 3.

Part C - Education of Migratory Children

The secretary shall make grants to state educational agencies, or combinations of such agencies, to establish or improve, directly or through local operating agencies, programs of education for migratory children to support high-quality and comprehensive educational programs for migratory children to help reduce the educational disruptions and other problems that result from repeated moves.

Part D - Prevention and Intervention Programs for Children and Youth who are Neglected,
                  Delinquent, or At-Risk

The secretary shall make grants to state educational agencies to enable such agencies to award subgrants to state agencies and local educational agencies to improve educational services for children and youth in local and state institutions for neglected or delinquent children and youth so that such children and youth have the opportunity to meet the same challenging state academic content standards and challenging state student academic achievement standards that all children in the state are expected to meet.

Part E - National Assessment of Title I

The secretary shall conduct a national assessment of the programs assisted under this title and the impact of this title on states, local educational agencies, schools, and students.

Part F - Comprehensive School Reform

The purpose of this part is to provide financial incentives for schools to develop comprehensive school reforms, based upon scientifically based research and effective practices that include an emphasis on basic academics and parental involvement, so that all children can meet challenging State academic content and academic achievement standards.

Part G - Advanced Placement Programs

The secretary shall award grants to state educational agencies having applications approved under this section to enable the State educational agencies to reimburse low-income individuals to cover part or all of the costs of advanced placement test fees, if the low-income individuals are enrolled in an advanced placement course and plan to take an advanced placement test.

Part H - School Dropout Prevention

The purpose of this part is to provide for school dropout prevention and reentry and to raise academic achievement levels by providing grants that challenge all children to attain their highest academic potential and ensure that all students have substantial and ongoing opportunities to attain their highest academic potential through schoolwide programs proven effective in school dropout prevention and reentry.

Part I - General Provisions

TITLE II: Preparing, Training and Recruiting High Quality Teachers and Principals

What is Title II?

The purpose of Title II is to provide grants to state education agencies, local educational agencies, state agencies for higher education and eligible partnerships in order to increase student academic achievement through strategies such as improving teacher and principal quality, increasing the numbers of highly qualified teachers in the classroom and high qualified principals in schools, and holding local educational agencies and schools accountable for improvements in student academic achievement.

What will Title II Fund?

Title II contains funding for teacher and principal training, training materials, and recruitment efforts at the state and local levels, as well as teacher training at institutions of higher education. Funding is also in place to improve the academic achievement of students in the areas of mathematics, science and technology. All activities supported by Title II funds must be based on a review of scientifically-based research that shows how such interventions are expected to improve student achievement. Schools must:

• Ensure that activities are aligned with state standards and explain how selected programs will result in improvements to student academic achievement.
• Coordinate the program with other professional development programs.
• Develop professional development activities in a collaborative fashion and seek the input of teachers, principals, parents, administrators, paraprofessionals, and other school personnel.

Overview of Title II: Preparing, Training, and Recruiting High Quality Teachers and Principals

Part A - Teacher and Principal Training and Recruiting Fund

The purpose of this part is to provide grants to state educational agencies, local educational agencies, state agencies for higher education, and eligible partnerships in order to increase student academic achievement through strategies such as improving teacher and principal quality and increasing the numbers of highly qualified teachers in the classroom and highly qualified principals and assistant principals in schools and holding local educational agencies and schools accountable for improvements in student academic achievement.

Part B - Mathematics and Science Partnerships

The purpose of this part is to improve the academic achievement of students in the areas of mathematics and science.

Part C - Innovation for Teacher Quality

The purpose of this section is to authorize a mechanism for the funding and administration of the Troops-to-Teachers Program to assist eligible members of the Armed Forces described in section 2303 to obtain certification or licensing as elementary school teachers, secondary school teachers, or vocational or technical teachers and to become highly qualified teachers.

Part D - Enhancing Education Through Technology

The primary goal of this part is to improve student academic achievement through the use of technology in elementary schools and secondary schools. Additional goals are to assist every student in crossing the digital divide by ensuring that every student is technologically literate by the time the student finishes the eighth grade; and to encourage the effective integration of technology resources and systems with teacher training and curriculum development.

TITLE III: Language Instructions for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students

What is Title III?

Although the number of limited-English-proficient children attending American schools has grown dramatically, their educational attainment remains low. A congressionally mandated study found that these students receive lower grades, are judged by their teachers to have lower academic abilities, and score below their classmates on standardized tests of reading and math. Title III assists school districts in teaching English to limited-English-proficient students and in helping these students meet the same challenging state standards required of all students.

What will Title III Fund?

Title III funds provide high-quality language instruction programs that are based on scientifically-based research and are proven effective in increasing English proficiency and student achievement. Local entities have the flexibility to choose the method of instruction to teach limited-English-proficient children. Districts should use Title III to provide high-quality professional development to classroom teachers, principals, administrators and other school or community-based organizational personnel in order to improve the instruction and assessment of limited-English-proficient students.

Overview of Title III: Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students

Part A - English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act

The purposes of this part are to help ensure that children who are limited-English-proficient attain English proficiency, develop high levels of academic attainment in English, and meet the same challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards as all children are expected to meet.

Part B - Improving Language Instruction Educational Programs

The purpose of this part is to help ensure that limited-English-proficient children master English and meet the same rigorous standards for academic achievement as all children are expected to meet, including meeting challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards.

Part C - General Provisions

General provisions include rules regarding parental notification, the establishment of a National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition and Language Instruction Educational Programs, and specific regulations regarding the title.

TITLE IV: 21st Century Schools

What is Title IV?

Title IV supports programs to prevent violence in and around schools; prevent the illegal use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs by young people; and foster a safe and drug-free learning environment that supports academic achievement.

What will Title IV Fund?

Title IV funds can be used for pre-K through 12^th grade drug prevention and education programs; violence prevention programs; comprehensive health education; the establishment of Community Learning Centers; mentoring programs; security measures and hiring security personnel; student assistance programs; character education, student drug testing; program evaluations and conflict resolution programs.

Overview of Title IV: 21st Century Schools

Part A - Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities

The purpose of this part is to support programs that prevent violence in and around schools; that prevent the illegal use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs; that involve parents and communities; and that are coordinated with related federal, state, school and community efforts and resources to foster a safe and drug-free learning environment that supports student academic achievement.

Part B - 21st Century Community Learning Centers

The purpose of this part is to provide opportunities for communities to establish or expand activities in community learning centers that provide opportunities for academic enrichment, offer students a broad array of additional services, programs, and activities, and offer families of students served by community learning centers opportunities for literacy and related educational development.

Part C - Environmental Tobacco Smoke

After the date of enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, no person shall permit smoking within any indoor facility owned or leased or contracted for, and utilized, by such person for provision of routine or regular kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services to children.

TITLE V: Promoting Informed Parental Choice and Innovative Programs

What is Title V?

The purposes of Title V is to support local education reform efforts that are consistent with and support statewide education reform efforts; provide funding to implement promising educational reform programs and school improvement programs based on scientifically-based research; provide a continuing source of innovation and educational improvement, including support programs to provide library services and instructional and media materials.

What will Title V Fund?

Title V provides funding for educational reform programs and school improvement programs based on scientifically based research; Public Charter Schools; Magnet School Assistance; and scientifically based research, development, and evaluation designed to improve student academic achievement at the state and local level and strategies for effective parent and community involvement. Of particular note is Section 5131(a)(2), which authorizes “Technology activities related to the implementation of school-based reform programs, including professional development to assist teachers and other school personnel (including school library media personnel) regarding how to use technology effectively in the classrooms and the school library media centers involved.” Section 5131(a)(3) authorizes “Programs for the development or acquisition and use of instructional and educational materials, including library services and materials (including media materials), academic assessments, reference materials, computer software and hardware for instructional use, and other curricular materials that are tied to high academic standards, that will be used to improve student achievement, and that are part of an overall education reform program.”

Overview of Title V: Promoting Informed Parental Choice and Innovative Programs

Part A - Innovative Programs

The purposes of this part are to support local education reform efforts that are consistent with and support statewide education reform efforts; to provide funding to enable state educational agencies and local educational agencies to implement promising educational reform programs and school improvement programs based on scientifically based research; to provide a continuing source of innovation and educational improvement; to meet the educational needs of all students, including at-risk youth and to develop and implement education programs to improve school, student, and teacher performance, including professional development activities and class-size reduction programs.

Part B - Public Charter Schools

It is the purpose of this subpart to increase national understanding of the charter schools model by providing financial assistance for the planning, program design and initial implementation of charter schools; evaluating the effects of such schools, including the effects on students, student academic achievement, staff, and parents; expanding the number of high-quality charter schools available to students across the Nation; and encouraging the states to provide support to charter schools for facilities financing in an amount more nearly commensurate to the amount the states have typically provided for traditional public schools.

Part C - Magnet Schools Assistance

The purpose of this part is to assist in the desegregation of schools served by local educational agencies by providing financial assistance to eligible local educational agencies for the elimination, reduction, or prevention of minority group isolation in elementary schools and secondary schools with substantial proportions of minority students.

Part D - Fund for the Improvement of Education

The secretary is authorized to support nationally significant programs to improve the quality of elementary and secondary education at the state and local levels and help all children meet challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards. Funds may be used for activities to promote systemic education reform at the state and local levels, including scientifically based research, development, and evaluation designed to improve student academic achievement at the State and local level and strategies for effective parent and community involvement.

TITLE VI: Flexibility and Accountability

What is Title VI?

Title VI provides grants to ensure that states can pay the costs of the development of the additional state assessments and standards required and if a state has developed the assessments and standards required, to administer those assessments or to carry out other activities, such as developing challenging state academic content and student academic achievement standards.

What will Title VI Fund?

Title VI provides funds to support developing challenging state academic content, developing or improving assessments of English language proficiency; ensuring the continued validity and reliability of state assessments; refining state assessments to ensure their continued alignment with the state's academic content standards and to improve the alignment of curricula and instructional materials; developing multiple measures to increase the reliability and validity of state assessment systems; strengthening the capacity of local educational agencies and schools to provide all students the opportunity to increase educational achievement; expanding the range of accommodations available to students with limited English proficiency and students with disabilities to improve the rates of inclusion of such students; improving the dissemination of information on student achievement and school performance to parents and the community.

Overview of Title VI: Flexibility and Accountability

Part A - Improving Academic Achievement

The purpose of this part is to allow school districts the flexibility to target federal funds to programs that most effectively address the unique needs of their schools.

Part B - Rural Education Initiative

The purpose of this part is to address the unique needs of rural school districts that frequently lack the personnel and resources needed to compete effectively for competitive grants and that receive allocations that are too small to be effective in meeting their intended purposes.

Part C - General Provisions

The provisions for this part include prohibition against federal mandates, direction, or control; rule of construction on equalized spending; amendment to the national education statistics act of 1994; national assessment of educational progress; and national assessment governing board.

TITLE VII: Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native Education

What is Title VII?

Title VII exists to support the efforts of local educational agencies, Indian tribes and organizations, postsecondary institutions, and other entities to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native students, so that such students can meet the same challenging state student academic achievement standards as all other students are expected to meet.

What will Title VII Fund?

Title VII provides funds to support early-childhood and family programs, academic enrichment programs, developing curricula, professional development, family literacy services, enrichment programs in science and mathematics, remedial programs, culturally related activities, beginning literacy skills in children in grades kindergarten through third, the needs of at-risk children and youth, needs in fields or disciplines in which native Hawaiians are under-employed, and the use of the Hawaiian language in instruction.

Overview of Title VII: Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native Education

Part A - Indian Education

It is the purpose of this part to support the efforts of local educational agencies, Indian tribes and organizations, postsecondary institutions, and other entities to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students, so that such students can meet the same challenging state student academic achievement standards as all other students are expected to meet.

Part B - Native Hawaiian Education

The purposes of this part are to authorize and develop innovative educational programs to assist Native Hawaiians; provide direction and guidance to appropriate Federal, state, and local agencies to focus resources, including resources made available under this part, on Native Hawaiian education, and to provide periodic assessment and data collection; supplement and expand programs and authorities in the area of education to further the purposes of this title; and encourage the maximum participation of Native Hawaiians in planning and management of Native Hawaiian education programs.

Part C - Alaska Native Education

The purposes of this part are as follows: to recognize the unique educational needs of Alaska Natives; to authorize the development of supplemental educational programs to benefit Alaska Natives; to supplement existing programs and authorities in the area of education to further the purposes of this part; to provide direction and guidance to appropriate federal, state and local agencies to focus resources, including resources made available under this part, on meeting the educational needs of Alaska Natives.

TITLE VIII: Impact Aid Program

What is Title VIII?

The purpose of Title VIII is to disburse Impact Aid payments to local educational agencies that are financially burdened by federal activities and to provide technical assistance and support services.

What will Title VIII Fund?

Title VIII provides financial assistance to school districts affected by federal activities. Because federal property is exempt from local property taxes, Impact Aid helps to replace lost revenue that otherwise would be available to pay for educating children who live on federal property or whose parents work on federal property.

TITLE IX: General Provisions

What is Title IX?

Title IX includes general provisions that affect all programs under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.

Overview of Title IX: General Provisions

Part A - Definitions

This part provides official definitions for Average Daily Attendance; Average Per-Pupil Expenditure; Beginning Teacher; Child; Child With A Disability; Community Based Organization; Consolidated Local Application; Consolidated Local Plan; Consolidated State Application; Consolidated State Plan; Core Academic Subjects; County; Covered Program; Current Expenditures; Department; Distance Learning; Educational Service Agency; Elementary School; Exemplary Teacher; Family Literacy Services; Free Public Education; Gifted and Talented; Highly-Qualified, Institution of Higher Learning; Limited English Proficient; Local Educational Agency; Mentoring; Native American and Native American Language; Other Staff; Outlying Area, Parent; Parental Involvement; Poverty Line; Professional Development; Public Telecommunications Entity; Pupil Services Personnel Pupil Services; Scientifically Based Research; Secondary School; Secretary; State; State Educational Agency; Teacher Mentoring; Technology.

Part B - Flexibility in the Use of Administrative and Other Funds

This part addresses the consolidation of state administrative funds for Elementary and Secondary Education Programs, single local educational agency states, consolidation of funds for local administration, and consolidated set-aside for Department of the Interior Funds.

Part C - Coordination of Programs; Consolidated State and Local Plans and Applications

The purposes of this part are to improve teaching and learning by encouraging greater cross- program coordination, planning, and service delivery; to provide greater flexibility to state and local authorities through consolidated plans, applications, and reporting; and to enhance the integration of programs under this act with state and local programs.

Part D - Waivers

Part E - Uniform Provisions

Part F - Evaluations

TITLE X: Repeals, Redesignations, and Amendments to Other Statutes

Part A - Repeals

This part addresses repeals and conforming clerical and technical amendments.

Part B - Redesignations

This part addresses Comprehensive Regional Assistive Centers; National Diffusion Network; Eisenhower Regional Mathematics and Science Education Consortia; Technology-Based Technical Assistance; and Conforming Amendments.

Part C - Homeless Education

This part addresses grants for state and local activities for the education of homeless children and youths; local educational agency subgrants for the education of homeless children and youths; secretarial responsibilities; authorization of appropriations.

Part D - Native American Education Improvement

This part includes amendments to the education Amendments of 1978.

Part E - Bureau of Indian Affairs Program

References

http://www.state.nj.us/njded/grants/nclb/programs/title8.htm
http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html
http://www.doe.mass.edu/nclb/title_iv.html
http://www.greatsource.com/grants/sitemap.html
http://www.publiceducation.org/portals/nclb/TitleII_TeacherandPrincipalPreparation/index.asp
http://www.ncpublicschools.org/federalprograms/titleVI/

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